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Transabdominal and transvaginal Ultrasonography are commonly used to detect pathology
and to monitor physiological cyclical changes of the female genital tract.
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Retroflexed uterus - Transabdominal ultrasound scan.
Note how the urinary bladder filled with urine provides
an acoustic window for evaluation of the uterus.
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Transvaginal sonogram of a normal uterus of a multiparous
woman. Note excellent tissue detail when compared to the
transabdominal scan.
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Transvaginal Ultrasonography provides images of exquisite detail,
often allowing a definitive diagnosis. Ultrasound, in the hands
of the gynecologist has become a virtual extension of the clinical
examination allowing for the diagnosis of a variety of congenital,
inflammatory tumoral and conditions affecting the female genital
tract.
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Transvaginal scan, Uterus biseptus a congenital anomaly.
An incomplete diaphragm of tissue separates the endometrial
cavity at the fundus of the uterus in two compartments.
This congenital condition can be a cause of fertility problems.
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Hemorrhagic ovarian cyst - Transvaginal ultrasonography
- The normal uterus is seen lying adjacent to the enlarged
ovary. Only follow up is necessary.
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Serous cystadenoma - Complex ovarian lesion with a
small solid mural nodule.
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Color Doppler demonstrates a small feeding vessel
in the solid part of the lesion.
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Transvaginal sonogram in a patient with greatly increased
menstrual blood loss. A typical submucosal leiomyoma of
the uterus was detected, protruding into the endometrial
cavity. It casts a significant posterior acoustic shadow.
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The radiologist is often consulted for a second opinion, in order
to confirm a suspicious finding or provide a probable diagnosis.
An interesting technique allows for filling of the uterine cavity
with sterile saline.
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Sonohysterography - Sterile saline has been introduced
in the uterine cavity through a special catheter. A thin,
atrophic endometrium was demonstrated.
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When the uterus is distended with saline, the walls of the uterine
cavity are separated, allowing us to evaluate the endometrium for
focal abnormalities, polyps, and symphyses that would not be demonstrated
with simple endovaginal technique
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Sonohysterography - small endometrial polyp.
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Transvaginal ultrasound scan. Hydrosalpinx (Fluid
collected in a fallopian tube).
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